Histo MCQ in digestive and true and false

1.
Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
d. Delta cells
e. Acini
Answer: e
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
2.
What are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder called?
a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
b. Ducts of Luschka
c. Duct of Wirsung
d. Ampulla of Vater
e. Sphincter of Oddi
Answer: a
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder. The small bile ducts which connec between the cystic duct and liver are the ducts of Luschka The duct of Wirsung is the pancreatic duct. The opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum is at the ampulla of Vater. The valves which regulates the flow of bile into the small intestine is the sphincter of Oddi.
3.
What structure is in the middle of the hepatic lobule?
a. Hepatic artery
b. Portal triad
c. Central vein
d. Portal vein
e. Sinusoids
Answer: c
Hepatocytes are the liver cells. They are arranged to form a liver lobule, which is the functional unit of the liver. The liver lobule is a hexagonal shaped structure. At the angles of the liver lobule are portal triads. The portal triad is composed of a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct. In the middle of the liver lobule is a central vein. Hepatic sinusoids run between the hepatocytes.
4.
What is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes called?
a. Space of Disse
b. Space of Mall
c. Vacuole
d. Lacuna
e. Howship's lacuna
Answer: a
The space of Disse is in the liver. The space of Disse is also called the perisinosoidal space. It is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes.
The space of Mall is also in the liver. The space of Mall is located at the portal canal and is the region between the connective tissue and the liver parenchymal cells. It is the site where lymph is formed within the liver.
A vacuole is a small clear space within an individual cell.
A lacuna is a small space or depression. The space that the chondrocyte rests in is a lacuna.
Howship's lacuna is seen in bone. Howship's lacuna is a space seen underneath an osteoclast.
5.
What is the name of the cellular mass for the endocrine portion of the pancreas?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
d. Delta cells
e. Acini
Answer: a
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
6.
Which structures are part of the portal triad?
a. Portal vein
b. Hepatic artery
c. Central vein
d. Sinusoids
e. Both a and b
Answer: e
Hepatocytes are the liver cells. They are arranged to form a liver lobule, which is the functional unit of the liver. The liver lobule is a hexagonal shaped structure. At the angles of the liver lobule are portal triads. The portal triad is composed of a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct. In the middle of the liver lobule is a central vein. Hepatic sinusoids run between the hepatocytes.
7.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
a. Metabolism of bilirubin
b. Deamination of amino acids
c. Storage of iron
d. Storage of copper
e. Storage of calcium
Answer: e
The liver performs many, many functions. Estimates range at over 500 different functions for the liver.
Bilirubin is metabolized in the liver. The conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates through the process of deamination occurs in the liver. Iron is stored in the liver as ferritin. Copper is stored in the liver.
The storage site for calcium is in the bones.
PEARL: If ever asked where a process occurs, and you absolutely have no idea, make an educated guess of the liver.---Sarah Bellham
8.
What is the functional unit of the liver?
a. Lobule
b. Portal triad
c. Central vein
d. Hepatocyte
e. Sinusoids
Answer: a
Hepatocytes are the liver cells. They are arranged to form a liver lobule, which is the functional unit of the liver. The liver lobule is a hexagonal shaped structure. At the angles of the liver lobule are portal triads. The portal triad is composed of a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct. In the middle of the liver lobule is a central vein. Hepatic sinusoids run between the hepatocytes.
9.
What are the valves which regulates the flow of bile into the intestine?
a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
b. Ducts of Luschka
c. Duct of Wirsung
d. Ampulla of Vater
e. Sphincter of Oddi
Answer: e
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder. The small bile ducts which connec between the cystic duct and liver are the ducts of Luschka The duct of Wirsung is the pancreatic duct. The opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum is at the ampulla of Vater. The valves which regulates the flow of bile into the small intestine is the sphincter of Oddi.
10.
What cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
d. Delta cells
e. Gamma cells
Answer: d
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas

1.
What is the opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum?
a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
b. Ducts of Luschka
c. Duct of Wirsung
d. Ampulla of Vater
e. Sphincter of Oddi
Answer: d
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder. The small bile ducts which connec between the cystic duct and liver are the ducts of Luschka The duct of Wirsung is the pancreatic duct. The opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum is at the ampulla of Vater. The valves which regulates the flow of bile into the small intestine is the sphincter of Oddi.
2.
Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
d. Delta cells
e. Acini
Answer: e
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas
3.
Which of the following clotting factors is NOT produced in the liver?
a. Factor I
b. Factor II
c. Factor IV
d. Factor IX
e. Factor X
Answer: c
The liver performs many, many functions. Estimates range at over 500 different functions for the liver.
The liver makes clotting Factors I, II, VII, IX, and X. Fibrinogen is Factor I. Prothrombin is Factor II. Factor IV is calcium, which is not produced in the liver.
PEARL: If ever asked where a process occurs, and you absolutely have no idea, make an educated guess of the liver.---Sarah Bellham
4.
In what structure does blood run through between the hepatocytes?
a. Hepatic artery
b. Portal triad
c. Central vein
d. Portal vein
e. Sinusoids
Answer: e
Hepatocytes are the liver cells. They are arranged to form a liver lobule, which is the functional unit of the liver. The liver lobule is a hexagonal shaped structure. At the angles of the liver lobule are portal triads. The portal triad is composed of a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct. In the middle of the liver lobule is a central vein. Hepatic sinusoids run between the hepatocytes.
5.
What is the space called that is located at the portal canal between the hepatocytes and connective tissue?
a. Space of Disse
b. Space of Mall
c. Vacuole
d. Lacuna
e. Howship's lacuna
The space of Disse is in the liver. The space of Disse is also called the perisinosoidal space. It is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes.
The space of Mall is also in the liver. The space of Mall is located at the portal canal and is the region between the connective tissue and the liver parenchymal cells. It is the site where lymph is formed within the liver.
A vacuole is a small clear space within an individual cell.
A lacuna is a small space or depression. The space that the chondrocyte rests in is a lacuna.
Howship's lacuna is seen in bone. Howship's lacuna is a space seen underneath an osteoclast.

6.
What layer is NOT found in the gallbladder?
a. Mucosa
b. Muscularis mucosa
c. Muscularis
d. Adventita
e. Serosa Answer: b
The gallbladder is comprised of three layers: mucosa, muscularis, and adventita or serosa. Serosa is found on the free surface of the gallbladder. The mucosa is simple columnar epithelium and lamina propria. There is no muscularis in the mucosa of the gallbladder.
7.
What cell type makes up the mucosa of the gallbladder?
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
e. Transitional epithelium
Answer: c
The mucosa of the gallbladder is made of simple columnar epithelium.
8.
What is the classification of the pancreas?
a. Mixed
b. Endocrine
c. Exocrine
d. Both endocrine and exocrine
e. None of the above
Answer: d
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
9.
Which cell is a hepatic macrophage?
a. Kupffer cells
b. Histiocyte
c. Dust cell
d. Langerhans cell
e. Microglia
Answer: a
Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes. Many tissues have resident (fixed) macrophages. Fixed macrophages are given a unique name, depending on the tissue that they are located in. Kupffer cells are the hepatic macrophages. Histiocytes are macrophages seen in connective tissue. Dust cells are alveolar macrophage found in the respiratory tract. Langerhans cells are macrophages seen in the skin. Microglia are the central nervous system macrophages.

10.
Where in the pancreas are islets of Langerhans most numerous?
a. Head
b. Body
c. Tail
d. Evenly distributed
e. Depends on the individual Answer: c
Islets of Langerhans are most numerous in the tail of the pancreas






1.
What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
d. Delta cells
e. Gamma cells
Answer: c
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
2.
What is the pancreatic duct?
a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
b. Ducts of Luschka
c. Duct of Wirsung
d. Ampulla of Vater
e. Sphincter of Oddi
Answer: c
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder. The small bile ducts which connec between the cystic duct and liver are the ducts of Luschka The duct of Wirsung is the pancreatic duct. The opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum is at the ampulla of Vater. The valves which regulates the flow of bile into the small intestine is the sphincter of Oddi.
3.
What structure is at the angle of the liver lobule?
a. Lobule
b. Portal triad
c. Central vein
d. Hepatocyte
e. Sinusoids
Answer: b
Hepatocytes are the liver cells. They are arranged to form a liver lobule, which is the functional unit of the liver. The liver lobule is a hexagonal shaped structure. At the angles of the liver lobule are portal triads. The portal triad is composed of a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct. In the middle of the liver lobule is a central vein. Hepatic sinusoids run between the hepatocytes.
4.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
a. Cholecystokinin production
b. Bile production
c. Detoxification
d. Albumin production
e. Synthesis of clotting factors
Answer: a
The liver performs many, many functions. Estimates range at over 500 different functions for the liver.
Bile production occurs in the liver. The liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein. The blood in the hepatic portal vein is the "first stop" directly from the intestines, giving the liver the prime opportunity to detoxify substances. The liver synthesizes proteins such as albumin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin. Fibrinogen (Factor I) and prothrombin (Factor II) are clotting factors involved in clotting. The liver also makes Factors VII, IX, and X.
Cholecystokinin is produced by the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.
PEARL: If ever asked where a process occurs, and you absolutely have no idea, make an educated guess of the liver.---Sarah Bellham
5.
What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
d. Delta cells
e. Gamma cells
Answer: b
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
6.
What are the connection between the cystic duct and liver?
a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
b. Ducts of Luschka
c. Duct of Wirsung
d. Ampulla of Vater
e. Sphincter of Oddi
Answer: b
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder. The small bile ducts which connec between the cystic duct and liver are the ducts of Luschka The duct of Wirsung is the pancreatic duct. The opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum is at the ampulla of Vater. The valves which regulates the flow of bile into the small intestine is the sphincter of Oddi.
7.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
a. Conversion of glucose into glycogen
b. Storage of glycogen
c. Storage of bile
d. Storage of fat soluble vitamins
e. Cholesterol synthesis
Answer: c
The liver performs many, many functions. Estimates range at over 500 different functions for the liver.
Glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver. Glycogen is stored in the liver. The liver stores of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Cholesterol is synthesized in the liver.
Once bile is produced by the liver, it is stored in the gallbladder.
PEARL: If ever asked where a process occurs, and you absolutely have no idea, make an educated guess of the liver.---Sarah Bellham
8.
What cells of the pancreas secrete pancreatic polypeptide?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
d. Delta cells
e. Gamma cells
Answer: e
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas

true and false


Regarding the intestin all are true except:
a. Burnner's gland are located in the lamina propria of doudenum.
b. The surface epithelial cells are rich in microvilli.
c. The mucosa of the colon has deep crypts but no villi.
d. Argetallin cells secret hormones and vasoactive amines.
e. Paneth cells secret mucus.

2- Regarding the liver all are correct except:
a. Fat storing adipocytes are located in the space of Diss.
b. Hepatocytes have abundence SER.
c. Kupffur cells are involved in breakdown of aged erythrocytes.
d. Bile canaliculie are lined with simple columner cells.
e. The portal area contains a branch of portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct.

3- Regarding the pancreas mark one correct statement:
a. Delta cells of its islets secret glucagon.
b. The basal part of aciner cells is rich in secretory zymogen granules.
c. Failure of beta cells to produce insulin results in diabetes millitus.
d. Secretion of islets tissue is drained by duct.
e. The exocrine part consists of simple tubular gland.

4- In hummen esuphagus all of the followings can formed except:
a. Simple columner epithelium.
b. Striated muscle fibers into upper theird.
c. Serosa covering its abdominal part.
d. Mucous glands in submucosa.
e. Messner's plexus of nerves.

5-The space of Diss contain all the followings except:
a. Plasma.
b. Bile.
c. Reticular fibers.
d. Microvilli of hepatocytes.
e. Fat-storing cells.
6- Regarding the stomach all are correct except:
a. It is lined by simple columnar epithelium.
b. Pyloric glands have many chief cells and parital cells.
c. Oxyntic cells have secretary caneliculli.
d. Chief cells are basophilic and secret pepsinogen.
e. The cells of gastric mucosa can regenerate.

7-Regardening the tongue mark one correct statement:
a. It is lined by stratified columner epithelium.
b. Fungi form papillae are located behind sulcus terminalis.
c. Taste buds are located at the latral side of circumvallate papillae.

8- Regarding the stomach select the correct statement:
a. Its fundic glands are located in the body of stomach.
b. The chief cells are responsible for the product of HCl.
c. The parital cells produce pepsin.
d. The pyloric glands contain large number of chief cells.
e. The cells of gastric mucosa do not regenerate.

9- Regarding tongue papillae select one correct statement:
a. They projected from the ventral surface of tongue.
b. Fungi form papillae located behind the sulcus terminal.
c. Filiform papillae appear white due to parakeratosis.
d. Fungi form papillae surrounded by deep circular trench.
e. filiform papillae often have taste buds.

10- Regarding liver all correct except:
a. It is formed of hexagonal lobules.
b. Kupffer's cells are present in the space of Disse
c. Each classic hepatic lobules drained into central vein
d. Hepatocyte produce bile and endocrine material.
e.The portal triad consists of an artery, vein and bile ductile bounded by collagen sheath
11- The following statements regarding the histological structure of the small intestine are true, EXCEPT
a. The intestinal villi are lined by simple columnar cells that are rich in microvilli
b. They have argentaffin (enteroendocrine) cells that secrete hormones and vasoactive amines .
c. Paneth cells are present at the base crypts
d. Meissner's plexuses -are located in the muscularis externa
e. Brunner's glands are located in submucosa of the duodenum

12- The following statements regarding the histological structures of the intestine are true EXCEPT:
a. Brunner's glands are located in the submucosa of the duodenum
b. The surface epithelial cells are rich in microvilli
c. The mucosa of the colon has deep crypts but no villi
d. Argentaffin cells secret honnones & vasoactive amines
e. Paneth cells secret mucous

13- The following statements regarding the stomach & esophagus are correct EXCEPT:
a. The oxyntic cells of the gastric glands are characterized by secretory canaliculi
b. The mucous can be damaged by alcohol, aspirin or infection
c. There is striated muscle at the lower end of the esophagus
d. Chief cells of the gastric glands are basophilic & secret
pepsinogen
e. Pyloric glands have no chief cells or parietal cells

14- Regarding the tongue & saliyary glands, which of the following statements are INCORRECT:
a. The parotid gland is composed of seromucous acini.
b. Serous acini have basophilic cytoplasm
c. The striated ducts are lined by simple columnar cells showing basal striations.
d. Tongue is lined by non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
e. Taste buds are located at the sides of cirumvillate papillae.



15- Regarding the major salivary glands, all the following statements are correct EXCEPT:
a. Submandibular glands are seromucous glands in which serous
demilunes predominate
b. Serous acini have basophilic cytoplasm
c. Parotid secretory acini are purely mucous
d. They are commonly stimulated by olfactory, chemical, mechanical and psychological stimuli "
e. Striated duct are lined by simple columnar cells showing basal striation.

16- Regarding the stomach_ all the following statements are correct,EXCEPT:
a. It is lined by simple columnar epithelium
b. It contains myenteric plexus ""
c. It is covered by serosa
d. Its muscularis extema is formed of timer oblique, middle circular and outer longitudinal layers
e. Its wall is folded into plica circularis

17- Regarding the pancreas all the following statements are correct . EXCEPT:
a. It is formed of exocrine and endocrine parts
b. It contains mainly enteroendocrine cells
c. Its endocrine part is formed of islets of langerhans
d. Its exocrine part is formed of acini
e. Its duct system contains intercalated ducts

18- Regarding the liver all the following statements are correct. EXCEPT:
a. It is formed of hexagonal lobules
b. Its hepatocytes contain few rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
c. Each hepatic lobule contains central vein
d. Hepatocytes are separated from the sinusoidal lining cells by the space of Disse
e. Hepatocytes produce bile and endocrine materials.

19- Regarding submandibular salivary gland all correct except:
a. It is compound tubloalveolar gland
b. Consists of seromucos acini.
c. Serous acini have basophilic cytoplasm.
d. Striated ducts are lined by stratified columnar with basal striation.
e. It's main duct lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
20- Parietal cells have:
a. Periphral-located nuclei.
b. Strong positive basophilic cytoplasm.
c. Intracellular canaliculi.
d. Well-developed RER.
e. Granuls visible by light microscope
answers
:



1- a
2- d
3- c
4- a
5- b
6- b
7- c
8- a
9- c
10- b
11- d
12- e
13- c
14- a
15- c
16- e
17- b
18- b
19- d
20- c