هاااااااااااااااام (اسئله الدكتور عبدالاه في الباب الاول.....)

نشاءالله بالنجاح يا طلبه سنه ثانيه

1. What is Meant by Bioenergetics?.......................................................................

2 - What is ∆H?...................................................................................................

3 - Give Two examples of (-∆G) Reactions……………………………..……..

4 - Give Three examples of chemical compounds in the body that contain
high energy phosphate bonds (~)……………………………...…………....

5 - Why inner mitochondrial membrane is highly convoluted & form
cristae?

6 – What is meant by Oxidation?........................................................................

7 - Electrons flow through respiratory chain in steps From …………………...
electronegative components To ……….....…..electronegative components.

8 – Mention Five different cytochromes present in ETC………..……………

9 – Mention Two different gradients which are created by Proton Pump……
(2)

1 - Define energy & mention three types of it…………………………………

2 - What is ∆S?...................................................................................................

3 - Is endergonic reaction can produce energy?................................................

4 - Give three examples of chemical compounds in the body that contain
low energy phosphate bonds (─)………………………………………….

5 - Mention three examples of enzymes present in the mitochondrial
matrix……………………………………………………………………...

6 – What is meant by reduction?......................................................................

7 - The reminder of free energy which is not trapped as ATP is released
as……………………………………………………………………….…

8 – Mention 3 only specific sites for capture of useful energy…………….....

9 – Mention the two subunits of ATP synthase…………………………......

(3)

1 - Energy is required to………………………………………………………….

2 - Define Enthalpy…………………………………………………………..........

3 - When the reactants (substrate & products) are in equilibrium……………....

4 - How many levels of ATP collection (ATP generation) & mention them……....

5 – Mention three important chemical reactions belonged to CHO metabolism
Occurred in mitochondria……………………………………………………

6 – What is meant by redox potential?..................................................................

7 – Mention four different electron carriers present as components of respiratory
chain…………………………………………………………………………..

8 – Why P/O is 3/1 when NADH (reduced) is used?……………...…………….

9 – Which subunit of ATP synthase is protruded into the matrix…..………..
(4)

1 - Energy is derived from……………………………………………………….

2 - What is Entropy?..............................................................................................

3 - Write the full name of ATP & mention its components…………………….

4 - Give Two examples of chemical compounds in the body that contain high
energy sulphate bonds (~)……………………………………………….........

5 – Mention three important chemical reactions belonged to lipid
metabolism occurred in mitochondria……………………………….………

6 – What is meant by redox chain?........................................................................

7 – Mention three trans inner mitochondrial membrane bound enzyme
complex……………………………………………………………………….

8 – Why P/O is 2/1 when FADH2 (reduced) is used?………………………...….

9 – Mention One evidence support ChemiOsmotic theory………...………….

(5)

1 - Mention two types of body energy……………………………………………

2 - Write the equation that describes the relation between ∆G, ∆H & ∆S………..

3 - What are the units of free energy estimation……………………………………

4 - Is outer mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to most small molecules &
ions?......................................................................................................................

5 – Mention three important chemical reactions belonged to protein metabolism
occurred in mitochondria……………………..…………………………………

6 – Mention different components of respiratory chain………...…………………...

7 - All members of respiratory chain are proteins except……………...…………

8 – Mention two different names of mechanism explain oxidative phosphorylation

9 – What are uncouplers?............................................................................................

(6)

1 - What is ∆G?.......................................................................................................

2 - Is exergonic reaction can produce energy?..........................................................

3 - Aerobic complete oxidation of one gram of fat can give……………………...

4 - Inner Mitochondrial Membrane is Impermeable to…………………………..

5 – What is meant by redox reaction?.........................................................................

6 – Mention two substrate shuttles needed for introducing extra-mitochondrial
reduced NAD……………………………………………………………………

7 - The relatively mobile component of ETC are………………&………………….

8 – Mention three different complexes where proton pump occurred…………….…

9 – Name four uncouplers

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